Year 1915

Diary for Wednesday, September 22, 1915: Middle East Gallipoli: Australian casualties to date 19,183 soldiers. Syria: Turk preparations for attack on Egypt reported. Eastern Front Tsar’s stern order to restore […]

Diary for Tuesday, September 21, 1915: Home Fronts Germany: 1915 field service uniform introduced. Austria: Army adopts field grey in September. Britain: Third War Budget income tax up 40%, 50%

Diary for Monday, Septenmber 20, 1915: African Fronts East Africa – Action of Longido, just west across German border: 80 dug-in German soldiers repel 450 British. King’s African Rifles carry

Diary for Sunday, September 19, 1915: Eastern Front Falkenhayn forces Hindenburg to release more than 7 divisions, Kaiser backs him. Galicia: Army Group Böhm-Ermolli (Colonel-General) formed from Austrian Second Army

Diary for Saturday, September 18, 1915: Air War Western Front: Immelmann and Boelcke share a victory, latter’s third. Eastern Front German Tenth Army (Eichhorn) takes Vilna and 22,000 PoWs. Sea

Diary for Friday, September 17, 1915: Western Front German First Army dissolved. French Chemical Warfare Service formed (commission since April 28). Eastern Front Brusilov’s 4 divisions check Austrian Fourth Army

Diary for Thursday, September 16, 1915: Eastern Front Kaiser visits Kovno. Pripet: ­Bugarmee occupies Pinsk. African Fronts East Africa: British officials’ home leave ended except on medical grounds. Sea War

Diary for Wednesday, September 15, 1915: Sea War Mediterranean: 3 Royal Navy S-class small submarines transferred to Italian Navy. Baltic: 3 more Royal Navy E-class submarines have reached Reval. Western

Diary for Tuesday, September 14, 1915: Western Front Flanders: 2nd Canadian Division moves to France (from Folkestone­ to Boulogne until September 17), enters front line before Kemmel on September 23.

Diary for Monday, September 13, 1915: Eastern Front Western Russia: Prince Leopold and Woyrsch’s Battle of Sionim (­until September 18), their advance checked. Southern Fronts Bulgars and Macedonians reservists called

Diary for Sunday, September 12, 1915: Middle East Mesopotamia: Townshend’s 11,080 men and 30 guns begin Tigris and land advance to Kut-el-Amara in 110-120° F until September 26. Syria: French

Diary for Saturday, September 11, 1915: Air War Britain: Abortive German airship raids (2 Army, 1 Navy Zeppelins) nights September 11-12, 12-13 and 13-14. None reach primary target, London; trifling

Diary for Friday, September 10, 1915: Western Front Flanders: German artillery shells Ramscapelle and Skenstraate. Southern Fronts Greece: Greek officers summoned to Athens. Middle East Aden: Indian 28th Brigade leaves

Diary for Thursday, September 9, 1915: Eastern Front Western Russia – Ludendorff Vilna Offensive until September 26: Garnier’s 6 German divisions (3 cavalry) on raid to outflank Vilna to north

Diary for Wednesday, September 8, 1915: Air War Britain: Zeppelin L 13 (Mathy) starts major fire in London’s ‘City’ district (night September 8-9, 109 casualties). Western Front Argonne: Renewed German

Diary for Tuesday, September 7, 1915: Sea War North Sea: Dover Patrol and French bombardment of Ostend with air-spotting, monitor Lord Clive damaged by 5 shells from new Tirpitz Battery

Diary for Monday, September 6, 1915: Southern Fronts Falkenhayn, Conrad and Colonel Gancev (Bulgaria) sign military convention for crushing of Serbia. Politics Secret Central Powers Military Convention with Bulgaria signed

Diary for Sunday, September 5, 1915: Eastern Front TSAR TAKES SUPREME COMMAND: Alexeiev his CoS, Grand Duke Nicholas and his staff leave on September 7. Middle East Gallipoli: ANZAC troops

Diary for Saturday, September 4, 1915: Western Front Artillery duels round Arras and north of Chalons. Eastern Front Poland: Bugarmee’s Battle of Drohiczyn-Chomst until September 6. Southern Fronts Italian Front:

Diary for Friday, September 3, 1915: Sea War Germany: Chief of Naval Staff Admiral Bachmann resigned and replaced by Admiral Holtzendorff for advocating un­restricted U-boat warfare but both refuse to